Since version control is becoming less and less optional, EGit now comes pre-installed with Eclipse downloads! In case you do have an older version of Eclipse, install EGit as described in Installing EGit in Eclipse.
The recommended version tested with this tutorial is Eclipse Mars 4.2, Eclipse IDE for Java Developer. Additionally you will also need a GitHub account. To get started you need the following software installed on your computer: Eclipse, and EGit. (The tutorial was originally created on GitHub and hosted here.) Eclipse is heavily used to program in Java, as well as in other languages like C++, and even Python (via PyDev).
This tutorial in the context of the Reproducible Research Workshop provides you with the first steps on how to use Git with the Eclipse IDE.